The Art of Painting and Drawing Animals by Fredric Sweney

Author:Fredric Sweney [Sweney, Fredric]
Language: eng
Format: epub
ISBN: 9780486146393
Publisher: Dover Publications
Published: 2012-10-13T04:00:00+00:00

Figure 5.3

ROSA BONHEUR (French, 1822-1899)

Labourages Nivernais (oil).

Courtesy of the John and Mable Ringling Museum of Art, Sarasota, Florida.

Color Plates

ANATOMY OF THE BULL, THE OX, AND THE COW

If we study the simplified skeleton of the cow in Figure 5.4 a few variations from the horse will be noted.

The first variation is in the number of ribs. The horse has eighteen while cattle and oxen have thirteen ribs. These ribs are much longer and wider than those on the horse, making the cattle longer in the lumbar. The next difference is seen in the portion of the contour of the area between the termination of the neck and the beginning of the chest. The ox, which is one of the working cattle, has what is known as the incipient hump. This hump is in front of the spinous processes of the ribs and is caused by the wooden yoke of the ox teams. This area becomes enlarged and hardened so that it forms a protective pad. This condition will be noticed when the ox is used as a draught animal and for plowing.

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